A Guide to Different Motorcycle Accident Types: Staying Safe on Two Wheels

Motorcycle enthusiasts take to the road for myriad reasons - the commute, the thrill of the open road, the feeling of independence, the wind against their faces, and perhaps the warmth of a partner at their backs. It's a unique connection to the journey. However, no matter how skilled or cautious a motorcyclist is, the road presents inherent challenges, particularly from other drivers and environmental factors. Understanding the most common types of motorcycle accidents is a crucial step in riding defensively and enhancing safety for everyone.

In 2023, there were 6,335 motorcyclist fatalities in the U.S., accounting for 15.5% of all traffic fatalities, despite motorcycles comprising only 3% of registered vehicles. The fatality rate for motorcyclists per vehicle mile traveled is significantly higher than for passenger car occupants. Being aware can make a difference.

Common Motorcycle Accident Scenarios and How to Mitigate Them

1. Left-Hand Turn Accidents at Intersections: This remains one of the most dangerous situations for motorcyclists. According to the NHTSA, in 2021, 43% of fatal two-vehicle crashes involving a motorcycle and another vehicle occurred when the other vehicle was turning left while the motorcycle was going straight, passing, or overtaking.

   • Why it happens: Drivers often misjudge a motorcycle's speed or distance due to its smaller profile, fail to see the motorcycle altogether (especially with "A-pillar" blind spots), fail to signal, or fail to yield the right-of-way. Obstructed views also play a role.
   • Defensive Riding: Approach all intersections with extreme caution. Cover your brakes. Be prepared for other vehicles to turn unexpectedly. Maximize your visibility by using your headlight (even during the day) and wearing bright or reflective gear. Try to make eye contact with drivers.

2. Head-On Collisions: These are devastating for all involved, but especially for motorcyclists who lack the protection of an enclosed vehicle. The outcome is rarely without serious injury or fatality.

   • Why it happens: Often due to a vehicle crossing the centerline, whether from distraction, impairment, fatigue, or misjudging a pass.
   • Defensive Riding (The Four Rs):
     • Read the road ahead: Continuously scan for potential dangers, erratic drivers, and escape paths.
     • Drive to the Right: Position yourself in your lane (e.g., right portion of the lane) to create more space from oncoming traffic, especially on two-lane roads.
     • Reduce speed: If you see an oncoming vehicle drifting or an erratic driver, slow down immediately to give yourself more time to react.
     • Ride off the road: As a last resort, be prepared to ride onto the shoulder or verge if it's the only way to avoid a collision.

3. Lane-Splitting and Lane-Filtering Accidents: Lane splitting (riding between lanes of moving traffic) and lane filtering (riding between lanes of stopped or slow-moving traffic) are practices with varying legality and inherent risks.

   • Legality: Lane splitting is legal in California. Lane filtering (at low speeds) is permitted in states like Arizona, Montana, Utah, and Colorado (with Minnesota soon to follow). Most states prohibit these practices.
   • Why it happens: Even where legal, it can surprise other drivers who aren't expecting a motorcycle between lanes. It limits the motorcycle's maneuverability and places the rider in vehicle blind spots. Sudden lane changes by cars are a major hazard.
   • Defensive Riding: If legal in your area and you choose to do it:
     • Proceed with extreme caution and only when traffic is significantly slowed or stopped.
     • Maintain a speed differential of no more than 10-15 mph over surrounding traffic.
     • Avoid lane splitting/filtering when traffic is moving at 30 mph or faster.
     • Be hyper-aware of gaps where cars might suddenly change lanes.
     • Never do it near on-ramps or exits.

4. Rear-End Collisions: Motorcycles can often stop more quickly than cars, which can catch following drivers by surprise.

   • Why it happens: Tailgating by the vehicle behind, distracted driving, or misjudgment of the motorcycle's deceleration.
   • Defensive Riding: Frequently check your mirrors, especially when slowing or stopping. Flash your brake lights to alert following drivers. Maintain a safe following distance from vehicles ahead to avoid sudden stops. If a vehicle is tailgating you, try to safely move aside and let them pass.

5. Blind Spot / Lane Change Accidents: Due to their narrow profile, motorcycles can easily be hidden in a car's blind spot.

   • Why it happens: Drivers changing lanes or merging without thoroughly checking their blind spots or signaling their intentions.
   • Defensive Riding: Avoid lingering in other vehicles' blind spots. Be aware of where they are (typically over the driver's shoulder to the rear left and right). Position yourself for maximum visibility. Assume drivers don't see you.

6. "Dooring" Accidents: A seemingly innocuous situation that can be very dangerous.

   • Why it happens: A driver or passenger of a parked car opens their door into the path of an oncoming motorcyclist without checking for traffic.
   • Defensive Riding: When riding alongside parked cars, maintain as much distance as safely possible. Scan for occupants in parked vehicles who might be about to exit.

7. Single-Vehicle Accidents (Rider Error or Loss of Control): Not all accidents involve another vehicle.

   • Why it happens:
     • Taking Curves Too Fast: A common error, especially for less experienced riders, leading to running wide or losing traction.
     • Low-Side Crash: The bike loses traction (often rear wheel) in a turn or during braking, causing it to slide out from under the rider. Can be due to excessive speed, gravel, oil, or improper braking.
     • High-Side Crash: The rear wheel loses traction, slides, then suddenly regains grip, violently flipping the motorcycle and often ejecting the rider over the handlebars. These are particularly dangerous.
     • Over-braking: Locking up the front or rear wheel.
   • Defensive Riding: Always ride within your skill level. Practice proper cornering and braking techniques in a safe environment. Be smooth with controls. Advanced rider training is highly beneficial.

8. Accidents Caused by Road Hazards: Motorcycles are more susceptible to road surface imperfections.

   • Why it happens: Potholes, loose gravel, sand, oil slicks, wet leaves, uneven pavement, expansion joints, or debris on the road can cause a sudden loss of traction or stability.
   • Defensive Riding: Continuously scan the road surface ahead. Reduce speed when encountering known hazards. Try to avoid them if possible, but do so smoothly and predictably. Be especially cautious on unfamiliar roads or after rain.

9. Collisions with Fixed Objects: Striking a stationary object like a guardrail, median, tree, or utility pole.

   • Why it happens: Often a secondary event after losing control due to another factor (e.g., taking a curve too fast, swerving to avoid another hazard).
   • Defensive Riding: Maintain control and awareness; the principles for avoiding single-vehicle accidents apply here.

10. Accidents Involving Impaired Driving (Alcohol/Drugs): This applies to both the motorcyclist and other vehicle operators. In 2021, 28% of motorcycle riders involved in fatal crashes were alcohol-impaired.

    • Why it happens: Impairment drastically affects judgment, reaction time, coordination, and vision.
    • Defensive Riding: NEVER ride under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Be vigilant for signs of impaired drivers on the road (weaving, erratic speed) and give them a wide berth.

11. Accidents Involving Distracted Driving: A growing menace as drivers engage in texting, GPS use, or other activities.

    • Why it happens: The other driver's attention is not on the road, making them less likely to see a motorcycle or react appropriately.
    • Defensive Riding: Ride as if you are invisible. Be extra cautious around drivers who appear distracted. Maximize your visibility.

Beyond Accident Types: Holistic Safety Measures

• Defensive Riding as a Mindset:
  • SEE (Search, Evaluate, Execute): Constantly search the environment, evaluate potential threats, and execute the necessary action.
  • Assume Invisibility: Ride on the assumption that other drivers do not see you.
  • Maintain a Space Cushion: Keep a safe following distance (at least 2-4 seconds) and avoid riding in packs where maneuverability is limited.
  • Plan Escape Routes: Always have an "out" in case a situation deteriorates.
• Maximize Your Visibility:
  • Wear brightly colored or reflective clothing and helmet.
  • Ensure your headlight is on day and night (modulating headlights can increase conspicuity).
  • Use turn signals well in advance and consider hand signals for added emphasis.
  • Position yourself in the lane for maximum visibility to other drivers, especially at intersections.
• ATGATT (All The Gear, All The Time):
  • Helmet: Always wear a DOT-compliant helmet (or ECE/Snell certified). Full-face helmets offer the best protection.
  • Jacket & Pants: Wear abrasion-resistant materials like leather or specialized textiles, preferably with armor.
  • Gloves: Protect your hands and improve grip.
  • Footwear: Sturdy, over-the-ankle boots.
• Rider Training and Experience:
  • Formal training courses (e.g., Motorcycle Safety Foundation - MSF) are invaluable for learning and refining skills. Consider advanced courses too.
  • In 2022, 35% of motorcyclists in fatal crashes were riding without a valid motorcycle license. Proper licensing ensures a basic level of competence.
  • Gradually build experience; don't ride beyond your current skill level.
• Pre-Ride Inspection (T-CLOCS):
  • Tires & Wheels: Check pressure, tread, and general condition.
  • Controls: Levers, cables, hoses, and throttle.
  • Lights & Electrics: Headlight, taillight, signals, battery.
  • Oil & Other Fluids: Levels and leaks.
  • Chassis: Frame, suspension, chain/belt.
  • Stands: Sidestand, center stand.
• Understand Weather and Road Conditions:
  • Rain, fog, and ice dramatically reduce traction and visibility. Adjust speed and increase caution.
  • Strong winds can affect stability.
  • Be aware of changing road surfaces and potential hazards like those mentioned above.
• Motorcycle Maintenance:
  • Keep your bike in good mechanical condition. Worn tires, faulty brakes, or other mechanical issues can directly lead to accidents.
• Leverage Modern Safety Technology:
  • If purchasing a new or used bike, consider models with Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS), traction control, and other rider aids. These can be lifesavers.

Riding a motorcycle is an exhilarating experience. By understanding the common risks, practicing defensive riding techniques, and committing to ongoing learning and preparation, riders can significantly increase their safety and enjoyment on the open road.

If you've been in a motorcycle accident and are looking for an attorney in Georgia, Tennessee, or South Carolina, contact Steelhorse Law at 1-888-38-COURT. Ride safe!